Category Archives: Texas History

Today in Texas History – July 8

From the Annals of the Vigilantes –  In 1860, fires broke out in North Texas destroying parts of Dallas, Pilot Point and Denton. The most serious fire destroyed downtown Dallas – then a small town.  More than half of the town square in Denton burned, and fire razed a store in Pilot Point.  The likely cause of the fires was a combination of the exceedingly hot summer (with temperatures in the 100’s) and the introduction of new and volatile phosphorous matches.  Citizens of Denton were apparently satisfied with that explanation.  In Dallas, however, radical white leaders had to find a villain.  Charles R. Pryor of the Dallas Herald blamed the assault on an abolitionist plot “to devastate, with fire and assassination, the whole of Northern Texas.”  Stirred up by Pryor’s irresponsible reporting and speculation, several communities and counties throughout North and East Texas established vigilance committees to root out and punish the alleged conspirators. By the time the vigilantes were through, between thirty and 100 blacks and whites had been killed or lynched by mobs.  The Panic of 1860 or the  “Texas Troubles” as dubbed by the press was one more straw on the back of the camel that led to Texas’s secession from the Union.

This Just In – Civil War Not Caused by Slavery

The Washington Post reports that Texas’ new history books will downplay the role of slavery as a root cause of the Civil War.  When history does not comport with your distorted worldview –  just rewrite it.  As Red has previously pointed out, if you don’t think slavery was the root cause of the Civil War, simply read the racist screed that is the Texas Ordinance of Secession.

THIS FALL, Texas schools will teach students that Moses played a bigger role in inspiring the Constitution than slavery did in starting the Civil War. The Lone Star State’s new social studies textbooks, deliberately written to play down slavery’s role in Southern history, do not threaten only Texans — they pose a danger to schoolchildren all over the country.

The Texas board of education adopted a revised social studies curriculum in 2010 after a fierce battle. When it came to social studies standards, conservatives championing causes from a focus on the biblical underpinnings of our legal system to a whitewashed picture of race in the United States won out. The guidelines for teaching Civil War history were particularly concerning: They teach that “sectionalism, states’ rights and slavery” — carefully ordered to stress the first two and shrug off the last — caused the conflict. Come August, the first textbooks catering to the changed curriculum will make their way to Texas classrooms.

It is alarming that 150 years after the Civil War’s end children are learning that slavery was, as one Texas board of education member put it in 2010, “a side issue.” No serious scholar agrees. Every additional issue at play in 1861 was secondary to slavery — not the other way around. By distorting history, Texas tells its students a dishonest and damaging story about the United States that prevents children from understanding the country today. Also troubling, Texas’s standards look likely to affect more than just Texans: The state is the second-largest in the nation, which means books designed for its students may find their way into schools elsewhere, too.

Today in Texas History – July 7

From the Annals of Short-Lived Promises –  In 1835, the town of Gonzales passed resolutions of loyalty to Mexico.  The resolutions were passed based in part on the influence of the mysterious Edward Gritten. Gritten was reputed to be an Englishman and a long-time resident of Mexico.  He came to Texas in 1834 as secretary to Juan N. Almonte.  He was reported to have worked in the summer of 1835 to repair the fraying connections between the Texas colonists and the Mexican government. He urged the Mexican government to adopt conciliatory measures, assuring them that most Texans were law-abiding Mexican citizens. He was engaged to plead with Martín Perfecto de Cos to avoid any further confrontations and demonstrate that the Texian colonists were peaceful and did not want war or revolution.  However, on the way to Matamoros, Gritten encountered a courier who had orders from Domingo Urgatechea to arrest William B. Travis and others. Gritten returned to San Antonio in a failed attempt to persuade Ugartechea to revoke the orders. Gritten continued his attempts to mediate the disputes between Ugartechea and the colonists. His only official post never came to fruition.  Although, Gritten was elected as collector of the port of Copano, Governor Henry Smith refused to sign the commission because he considered Gritten a spy.  Gritten disappeared from history.  The last information found concerning Gritten is a receipt for money paid him by the government in October 1836 for his services as a translator.

Image of Domingo Urgatechea

Today in Texas History – July 6

From the Annals of Fraternity –  In 1861, the Order of the Sons of Hermann in the State of Texas was founded.  Two representatives of the National Grand Lodge came to San Antonio to organize Harmonia Lodge No. 1 – the first such lodge in Texas.  San Antonio was a likely spot for a new lodge because of the many Germans who had immigrated to central Texas after 1845.  In 1890, the Texas Grand Lodge was established and included the original Harmonia Lodge as well as seven other newly formed lodges in Austin, Taylor, Temple, Waco, La Grange, Brenham, and Houston. . Within a year ninety-two more lodges were formed.  By 1920, the Order of the Sons of Hermann in Texas was financially stronger and had more members than all of the lodges in the rest of the United States.  As a result, the Texas order separated from the national order. Originally all of the members were of German extraction, but by 1965 only about half were, and by 1994 membership was open to all ethnic groups.

Today in Texas History – June 26

From the Annals of Democracy –  In 1928, the Democratic National Convention began in Houston at Sam Houston Hall.  It was the first nominating convention to be held in a Southern city since 1860 when the Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas.  The 1928 convention resulted in the nomination of  Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York for President and Sen. Joseph Robinson of Arkansas for Vice President.   The Democrats were the first to nominate a Roman Catholic for President. The Texas delegation, led by Gov. Dan Moody strongly opposed Smith.  After Smith was nominated, they rallied against his anti-prohibition sentiment by fighting for a “dry” platform. Ultimately, the convention pledged “honest enforcement of the Constitution”.

Smith became the first Democrat since Reconstruction to lose more than one southern state in the general election, due to his “wet” stance, his opposition to the Ku Klux Klan, and his Catholicism.

Today in Texas History – June 25

From the Annals of the NBA –  In 1999, the San Antonio Spurs won their first NBA title beating the New York Knicks 78-77 in Game 5 at Madison Square Garden.  After a lock-out shortened 50-game season, the Spurs earned an NBA-best 37–13 record which was the only time since Tim Duncan was drafted that the Spurs did not win at least 50 games in a season. The team, anchored by David Robinson and Duncan, was dominant in the playoffs, rolling through the Western Conference with a record of 11–1, and completed their remarkable playoff run with a 15-2 record. In the Finals, they faced the Knicks who had made history by becoming the first eighth seed to ever make the NBA Finals.   Duncan was named the Finals MVP. The Spurs became the first former ABA team to reach and to win the NBA Finals.

The End of the Line for the Confederacy

Only 150 years after the surrender at Appomattox Court House, we may finally be witnessing the last dying throes of the Confederate States of America.  And it is about time.  Red has studied the Civil War for over 40 years and visited many of the great National Battlefield Parks and several of the lesser-known Civil War sites.  It is a fascinating, tragic and yet somehow uplifting story of how a nation engaged an deadly struggle for its soul and to bring meaning to the founding words that “all men are created equal.”  But it nearly destroyed our nation and in any understandable sense of the word, supporters of the Confederacy were traitors to our country.  Yes, there was much battlefield courage and heroism on both sides of the conflict.  But clearly the Confederacy was on the wrong side of history.

The apologists will continually tell you that the Civil War had nothing to do with slavery and that it was an honorable fight for “States Rights.”  Bullcrap.  Ask yourself this, would there have been a war if there had been no slavery? Of course not.  If you have any doubt about that, simply read the Texas Ordinance of Secession resolution that preceded Texas’ entry into the Confederacy.  It is clear, that Texas seceded for only one reason – to preserve the right to enslave fellow humans forever.  Read these excerpts from this vile racist screed, and then tell me that the Confederacy and the Civil War was about something other than slavery.

Texas abandoned her separate national existence and consented to become one of the Confederated States to promote her welfare, insure domestic tranquillity and secure more substantially the blessings of peace and liberty to her people. She was received into the confederacy with her own constitution under the guarantee of the federal constitution and the compact of annexation, that she should enjoy these blessings. She was received as a commonwealth holding, maintaining and protecting the institution known as negro slavery–the servitude of the African to the white race within her limits–a relation that had existed from the first settlement of her wilderness by the white race, and which her people intended should exist in all future time.

In all the non-slave-holding States, in violation of that good faith and comity which should exist between entirely distinct nations, the people have formed themselves into a great sectional party, now strong enough in numbers to control the affairs of each of those States, based upon the unnatural feeling of hostility to these Southern States and their beneficent and patriarchal system of African slavery, proclaiming the debasing doctrine of the equality of all men, irrespective of race or color–a doctrine at war with nature, in opposition to the experience of mankind, and in violation of the plainest revelations of the Divine Law. They demand the abolition of negro slavery throughout the confederacy, the recognition of political equality between the white and the negro races, and avow their determination to press on their crusade against us, so long as a negro slave remains in these States.

We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable.

That in this free government all white men are and of right ought to be entitled to equal civil and political rights; that the servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations; while the destruction of the existing relations between the two races, as advocated by our sectional enemies, would bring inevitable calamities upon both and desolation upon the fifteen slave-holding States. By the secession of six of the slave-holding States, and the certainty that others will speedily do likewise, Texas has no alternative but to remain in an isolated connection with the North, or unite her destinies with the South.

The majority of rebel soldiers who died honorable deaths in an ignoble cause were essentially duped into fighting a war to preserve an institution that benefitted almost none of them.   They were led to the slaughter to preserve a dying institution and way of life based on a disgusting lie that the color of your skin meant something.  They may deserve honor for the reason of their service, but the ideals of the Confederacy deserve to be place on the ash heap of history and burned beyond recognition.

Today in Texas History – June 24

From the Annals of the Missions –  In 1699, San Juan Bautista Mission was founded on the Rio de Sabinas twenty-five miles north of present day Lampazos in Nuevo Leon.   Franciscan fathers Francisco Hidalgo, Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares, and Marcos de Guereña of the College of Santa Cruz de Querétaro established the mission which was moved to a site near present-day Guerrero, Coahuila about thirty-five miles down the Rio Grande from Eagle Pass. San Juan Bautista was the mission from which all other Texas missions sprang forth and it was the base for early expeditions to the Texas interior.  In 1716 Domingo Ramón set out from San Juan Bautista to establish the missions in East Texas. In 1718, Governor Martín de Alarcon used San Juan Bautista to launch the expedition which resulted in the founding of San Antonio de Bexar.  Soldiers of the mission’s presidio provided supply trains and escorts for travelers into Texas.

Image from http://www.elcaminorealdelostejas.org/photos/

Today in Texas History – June 20

From the annals of the US Army –  In 1852 Fort Clark was established at Las Moras Springs in Kinney County. Originally named Fort Riley, the post was renamed in honor of Major John B. Clark, a Mexican- American War veteran. Fort Clark was the southern anchor of the line of frontier forts protecting the western frontier. The land was leased from Samuel Maverick. Oscar Brackett established a supply village for the fort at Las Moras, later called Brackettville.  In 1884 Mary Maverick was paid $80,000 for the 3,965-acre tract. From 1872 until 1914 the fort was the home of the Black Seminole scouts and the Fourth United States Cavalry. Later Fort Clark was the garrison for the Tenth United State Cavalry and the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth United States Infantry which were mounted regiments known as the “Buffalo Soldiers.”  In June 1944, after full mechanization of the cavalry, Fort Clark, one of the last horse-cavalry posts in the country, was ordered closed.  Legend has it that the wife of one of the commanders wanted to create a swimming pool using the water from Las Moras  Springs. When the requisition was denied, it was resubmitted as a horse watering trough and granted – which is the only reason the incredible pool exists today. If you love great swimming holes this is a must pilgrimage.  In 1971 the property was purchased by North American Towns of Texas and turned into a private recreation and retirement community.

Today in Texas History – June 15

From the Annals of the Race Riots –  In 1943, an estimated 3,000 people marched on Beaumont City Hall after workers at the Pennsylvania Shipyard learned that a white woman had accused a black man of rape.  Some 2000 workers and another 1000 hangers on surrounded City Hall. The woman involved could not identify the suspect among the black men held in the city jail.  That did not deter the mob which dispersed into smaller bands and began breaking into stores in the black section of downtown Beaumont and terrorizing black neighborhoods in central and north Beaumont.  Many in the mob carried guns, knives, axes and other weapons which they used to assault any black they could find.  Several restaurants and stores were pillaged, a number of buildings were burned, and more than 100 homes were ransacked.  Authorities arrested more than 200 people.  Another fifty persons were injured, and three–two blacks and one white–were killed.  Ultimately, martial law was declared with troops entering the city after most of the rioting had ceased.

The riot was the result of increasing racial tension caused by the rapid expansion of the city’s population during the World War II boom.  The city was unprepared for the influx of workers and the strict segregation of the races had broken down because of inadequate housing, transportation and the need for workers in the wartime industries.  Blacks were being put into to skilled labor positions which aggravated the white racists.

In addition to these factors, southeast Texas was a hotbed of Ku Klux Klan activity and the local chapter was planning to host a regional convention on June 29.  It was expected that they would attract 15,000 to 20,000 of their fellow racist scum from all over the South to hear Imperial Wizard William J. Simmons speak. The Klan meeting was widely reported and aggravated existing racial tensions.  And at the same time, the black community was preparing for its annual Juneteenth celebration, scheduled for Saturday, June 19, when hundreds of East Texas blacks were expected to come to Beaumont.

Yes, not all race riots were started by minorities.

Photo from beaumontenterprise.com.