Tag Archives: Civil War

Today in Texas History – August 20

From the Annals of the Civil War – In 1866, the Civil War officially ended when President Andrew Johnson issued a proclamation of peace between the United States and Texas.  Johnson declared that “the insurrection in the State of Texas has been completely and everywhere suppressed and ended.” Johnson had previously declared a state of peace between the U.S. and the other ten Confederate states on April 2, 1866.  Being the most remote of the rebellious states, fighting in Texas did not end until May 13, 1866 when the last land battle of the war took place at Palmito Ranch near Brownsville.

Photo of Andrew Johnson from historyplace.com

Today in Texas History – August 10

From the Annals of War Crimes –  In 1862, the Battle of the Nueces took place in Kinney County.  A force of mostly German immigrant Unionists from the Hill Country led by Fritz Tegener were attempting to escape to Mexico and then onto Union controlled New Orleans.   They were camped on the west bank of the Nueces River about twenty miles from Fort Clark when they were attacked by mounted Confederate soldiers. The Unionists had camped without choosing a defensive position or posting a strong guard. The Confederates, led by Lt. C. D. McRae, came upon the camp on the afternoon of August 9. Firing began an hour before sunlight the next morning; nineteen of the sixty-odd Unionists were killed, and nine were wounded. The nine wounded were executed a few hours after the battle. Two Confederates were killed and eighteen wounded, including McRae.  McRae only had authority to arrest the civilians for avoiding service in the Confederate Army, but instead he chose to massacre sleeping civilians and then allowed the execution of unarmed wounded men.   Question for the supporters of the so-called “noble cause” – Was it noble to execute wounded prisoners?

Print of the Nueces Massacre from lifeofthecivilwar.blogspot.com.

Today in Texas History – July 21

From the Annals of the Civil War –  In 1861, Gen. Irwin McDowell began a premature offensive into northern Virginia.  The overconfident McDowell let 34,000 largely inexperienced and poorly trained troops in a search for the main body of the Army of Northern Virginia.  Learning of the Union advance, General P.G.T. Beauregard massed some 20,000 troops at Manassas where he was joined by General Joseph Johnston’s 9,000 troops.

McDowell had initial success when three Union divisions crossed the Bull Run stream driving the  Confederate flank back to Henry House Hill. Beauregard had established a strong defensive line at the hill anchored by a brigade of Virginia infantry under General Thomas J. Jackson whose men repulsed a series of Federal charges.  Gen. Barnard Elliot Bee, Jr. allegedly shouted an order to his men to “Rally behind the Virginians! There stands Jackson like a stone wall!” No-one knows if this was meant to be complimentary or an insult regarding Jackson’s men not advancing. Bee then began to advance at the head of his brigade and fell mortally wounded. He died the next day 22nd July 1861.

The battle turned when Confederate cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart captured the Union artillery.  Beauregard ordered a counterattack. With the soon to be famous “rebel yell” the confederate charged down Henry House Hill breaking the Union line and forcing a retreat across Bull Run. The retreat quickly disintegrated into an unorganized flight back to D.C.

Union forces endured a loss of 3,000 men killed, wounded, or missing in action while the Confederates suffered 2,000 casualties.  Such casualties were unheard of in previous American combat and foreshadowed the long violent struggle to come.

Photo of B.E. Bee from http://www.nps.gov

Today in Texas History – July 17

From the Annals of the Civil War –   In 1864,  CSA President Jefferson Davis appointed Gen. John Bell Hood as commander of the Army of Tennessee.  Hood, a West Point graduate, had been stationed in Texas before the war and offered his services to his adopted state.

Davis was frustrated by Gen. Joseph Johnston who employed a defensive strategy in the Atlanta campaign waged by Union Gen. William T. Sherman.  Johnston and Sherman had maneuvered and skirmished throughout the rugged landscape between Chattanooga and Atlanta but had not met in a full-fledged battle.  Sherman’s efforts to outflank Johnston were blocked, but even though Johnson minimized his losses his army was pushed inexorably back towards Atlanta. By July 17, 1864, Johnston’s army was in the outskirts of Atlanta. As a result, Davis removed Johnston and replaced him with the 33 year-old Hood. Hood had a reputation as a fighting general and he quickly took the offensive by attacking at Peachtree Creek on July 20.  His army was routed.  Undeterred, Hood attacked Sherman two more times with equally disastrous results.  The Army of Tennessee was effectively through as an offensive unit and Hood was forced to evacuate Atlanta.

This Just In – Civil War Not Caused by Slavery

The Washington Post reports that Texas’ new history books will downplay the role of slavery as a root cause of the Civil War.  When history does not comport with your distorted worldview –  just rewrite it.  As Red has previously pointed out, if you don’t think slavery was the root cause of the Civil War, simply read the racist screed that is the Texas Ordinance of Secession.

THIS FALL, Texas schools will teach students that Moses played a bigger role in inspiring the Constitution than slavery did in starting the Civil War. The Lone Star State’s new social studies textbooks, deliberately written to play down slavery’s role in Southern history, do not threaten only Texans — they pose a danger to schoolchildren all over the country.

The Texas board of education adopted a revised social studies curriculum in 2010 after a fierce battle. When it came to social studies standards, conservatives championing causes from a focus on the biblical underpinnings of our legal system to a whitewashed picture of race in the United States won out. The guidelines for teaching Civil War history were particularly concerning: They teach that “sectionalism, states’ rights and slavery” — carefully ordered to stress the first two and shrug off the last — caused the conflict. Come August, the first textbooks catering to the changed curriculum will make their way to Texas classrooms.

It is alarming that 150 years after the Civil War’s end children are learning that slavery was, as one Texas board of education member put it in 2010, “a side issue.” No serious scholar agrees. Every additional issue at play in 1861 was secondary to slavery — not the other way around. By distorting history, Texas tells its students a dishonest and damaging story about the United States that prevents children from understanding the country today. Also troubling, Texas’s standards look likely to affect more than just Texans: The state is the second-largest in the nation, which means books designed for its students may find their way into schools elsewhere, too.

The End of the Line for the Confederacy

Only 150 years after the surrender at Appomattox Court House, we may finally be witnessing the last dying throes of the Confederate States of America.  And it is about time.  Red has studied the Civil War for over 40 years and visited many of the great National Battlefield Parks and several of the lesser-known Civil War sites.  It is a fascinating, tragic and yet somehow uplifting story of how a nation engaged an deadly struggle for its soul and to bring meaning to the founding words that “all men are created equal.”  But it nearly destroyed our nation and in any understandable sense of the word, supporters of the Confederacy were traitors to our country.  Yes, there was much battlefield courage and heroism on both sides of the conflict.  But clearly the Confederacy was on the wrong side of history.

The apologists will continually tell you that the Civil War had nothing to do with slavery and that it was an honorable fight for “States Rights.”  Bullcrap.  Ask yourself this, would there have been a war if there had been no slavery? Of course not.  If you have any doubt about that, simply read the Texas Ordinance of Secession resolution that preceded Texas’ entry into the Confederacy.  It is clear, that Texas seceded for only one reason – to preserve the right to enslave fellow humans forever.  Read these excerpts from this vile racist screed, and then tell me that the Confederacy and the Civil War was about something other than slavery.

Texas abandoned her separate national existence and consented to become one of the Confederated States to promote her welfare, insure domestic tranquillity and secure more substantially the blessings of peace and liberty to her people. She was received into the confederacy with her own constitution under the guarantee of the federal constitution and the compact of annexation, that she should enjoy these blessings. She was received as a commonwealth holding, maintaining and protecting the institution known as negro slavery–the servitude of the African to the white race within her limits–a relation that had existed from the first settlement of her wilderness by the white race, and which her people intended should exist in all future time.

In all the non-slave-holding States, in violation of that good faith and comity which should exist between entirely distinct nations, the people have formed themselves into a great sectional party, now strong enough in numbers to control the affairs of each of those States, based upon the unnatural feeling of hostility to these Southern States and their beneficent and patriarchal system of African slavery, proclaiming the debasing doctrine of the equality of all men, irrespective of race or color–a doctrine at war with nature, in opposition to the experience of mankind, and in violation of the plainest revelations of the Divine Law. They demand the abolition of negro slavery throughout the confederacy, the recognition of political equality between the white and the negro races, and avow their determination to press on their crusade against us, so long as a negro slave remains in these States.

We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable.

That in this free government all white men are and of right ought to be entitled to equal civil and political rights; that the servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations; while the destruction of the existing relations between the two races, as advocated by our sectional enemies, would bring inevitable calamities upon both and desolation upon the fifteen slave-holding States. By the secession of six of the slave-holding States, and the certainty that others will speedily do likewise, Texas has no alternative but to remain in an isolated connection with the North, or unite her destinies with the South.

The majority of rebel soldiers who died honorable deaths in an ignoble cause were essentially duped into fighting a war to preserve an institution that benefitted almost none of them.   They were led to the slaughter to preserve a dying institution and way of life based on a disgusting lie that the color of your skin meant something.  They may deserve honor for the reason of their service, but the ideals of the Confederacy deserve to be place on the ash heap of history and burned beyond recognition.

Today in Texas History – May 13

From the Annals of the Unlucky –  In 1865, the last battle of the Civil War was fought near Brownsville at Palmito Ranch.  Union and Confederate commanders had previously reached a local truce thinking that a confrontation in the what appeared to be the waning days of the war over non-strategic ground in south Texas would be a waste of time, ammunition and most importantly lives.  Despite this on May 11, Col. Theo. H Barrett sent 300 mostly Black troops to take possession of Brownsville.  The Union force surprised about 150 Confederate cavalrymen and quickly routed them.  However, later in the afternoon the Confederates engaged the Union in a skirmish.  The Union commanders assumed that the Confederates had received reinforcements and quickly withdrew.  On May 13, Col. John “Rip” Ford arrived with artillery and assumed command.  The Confederates opened up with the cannons and an ensuing cavalry charge.  The Union troops were quickly routed and fell back to Brazos Island.  Approximately 30 unfortunate Union soldiers were killed in the meaningless and unnecessary battle.  After capturing some Union troops, the Confederates learned of the surrender of Lee and Johnston.  This small battle is only remembered because it was the last actual battle of the Civil War.

Today in Texas History – May 6

From the Annals of the Civil War –  Color Sergeant Leopold Karpeles won the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions at the battle of the Wilderness on this date in 1864. Karpeles was a Jewish native of Prague who emigrated to Texas in 1849.  He worked as a merchant in Galveston.  However, his opposition to slavery and secession led him to leave Texas for Massachusetts in 1861 where he enlisted in the Forty-sixth Massachusetts Infantry.  He mustered out in 1863 and in 1864 joined the Fifty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry.  His incredible bravery at the Wilderness was rewarded with the highest military honor. At several crucial stages of the battle, Karpeles exposed himself to enemy fire by climbing up on stumps and rallying the regiment around its colors to repel an enemy advance. Of the 548 men his regiment, 262 were lost in the battle – casualty figures that are hard to fathom in this day and era.  He was later badly wounded in the Battle of North Anna, and spent the next year recovering in military hospitals.  He was discharged in May 1865 after the war ended.  In 1870 he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Wilderness.

Today in Texas History – April 21

From the Annals of the Confederacy – In 1928, Felix Huston Robertson died in Waco. Robertson was the only Texas native general in the Confederate Army.  Robertson who was born at  Washington-on-the-Brazos was appointed a brigadier general in 1864.  He was reported to be a cruel and harsh commander.  He was known as Commanche Robertson for the savage nature of his punishments and his Indian-like visage.  He was involved in one of the more controversial incidents of the Civil War.  On October 3, 1864 in Saltville, Virginia, troops under Robertson’s command killed well over 100 wounded, mostly black survivors of a Union attack.  Robertson was implicated but never charged with any crime.  It was left to a subordinate officer to take the blame and he was hanged for murder after the war.  Robertson was severely wounded shortly after his promotion and never returned to field duty. Robertson returned to Texas, where he became an attorney, real estate speculator, and enthusiastic member of the United Confederate Veterans. At the time of his death he was the last surviving general of the Confederacy.